Sunday, July 24, 2016

Infrasonic tyrannosaurs?

A lot of you dino fans may or may not have read that recent article talking about how closed mouth communication has evolved multiple times in archosaurs, and may have been present in at least a few dinosaur species. (As opposed to the roaring dinosaurs you see all the time in movies.) But which specific ones?

Well, I think I may have figured out the answer in the form of the most famous dinosaur of all.

Credit goes to Wikipedia

Tyrannosaurus rex.

Or, at the very least, his less-famous Asian brother, Tarbosaurus.
Credit goes to T-PEKC

What a lot of people don't know about this guy is that he was discovered to have a big patch of skin on his lower jaw. (Can't find any official papers on it, but it's been talked about a bunch. You can read about it here.) And considering how similar Tarbosaurus is to Tyrannosaurus (to the extent that they were once considered synonyms, though there are a few differences in the skull structure), it's very likely T. rex had something similar.

That patch is usually interpreted to be some sort of odd-looking wattle, like that of a turkey or frigatebird, used for display or heat reduction.


That is a possible theory, but it's not the one I'm going to go with.

Visual or auditory function

If it's for communication, I think it's very likely that only the males had them. That's how many modern animals work, after all.

Anyways, the reason I find the visual function less plausible is simply because I don't see the practicality in a great big throat wattle in a creature that mostly fights using its jaws and teeth. Wouldn't that wattle get shredded?

Anyways, I think it's more likely that patch of skin was used for amplifying sound for either breeding or territorial purposes.

The first animals you probably think of upon hearing this are frogs.


Or, to a lesser extent, siamang gibbons.


But this ability also occurs in archosaurs, most notably in these extremely loud alligators.


So, I believe that the most plausible depiction of a Tyrannosaurus roaring occurs in the amazing-looking upcoming video game Saurian.


I personally think the mouth shouldn't be opened that wide, but I love the detail put on the way the Rex's throat is vibrating.

So, did the slightly smaller and more primitive tyrannosaurs like Albertosaurus and Daspletosaurus have throat sacs as well? Possibly, though I imagine them being smaller and less powerful than that of Tyrannosaurus and Tarbosaurus.

Now, onto the infrasonic part

Infrasound, for those unaware, is any sound lower than the human ear can pick up. It is a surprisingly common source of communication in large animals, such as elephants, whales, giraffes, rhinos, hippos, crocodilians, and tigers.

Given how common infrasound is in modern animals, it would be odd if no dinosaurs communicated in infrasound as well, and tyrannosaurs in particular seem like the kind of dinosaur that would, with the above-mentioned adaptations.

Now, infrasound has an interesting effect on humans. Even though we can't hear it directly, we can still feel it. It causes us to feel massive amounts of dread and, in extreme cases, hallucinations. It's even thought to be the cause of ghost sightings.

Animals also react this way, and for good reason. Infrasound is not only produced by predatory animals like the aforementioned tigers and alligators, but natural disasters such as volcanos, earthquakes, and tsunamis. (Anyone remember the story of the elephants who panicked before the tsunami hit?)

So, all of those prey items tyrannosaurs ate, such as dromaeosaurs, ornithomimids, ceratopsians, and hadrosaurs, probably could sense infrasound just like modern animals can. This would've helped them whenever a nearby Tyrannosaurus was trying to call for a mate or scare off a rival. 

Of course, a predator would never make loud noises while hunting, lest it worry about scaring away its prey. But the ability to sense infrasound would definitely help these prey dinosaurs know whenever there was a tyrannosaur in the area, and would allow them to be more cautious when on the move, just in case the big predatory dinosaur was feeling hungry.

So, any thoughts on my hypothesis? Please comment if you have anything to add!

1 comment:

  1. I've bookmarked this blog on the basis of two posts. The explanation of infrasound was cool. Not many people are aware of it. Please continue!

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